The Ethics Of Ambiguity, By De Beauvoir - 1283 Words

All human beings deserve equally, the opportunity to participate in the direction of their life. This basic right is characteristic of what it means to be human. The essence of humanity is our freedom to make choices. This is more eloquently described in by De Beauvoir in her work The Ethics of Ambiguity, in which she explains that taking this right away from someone is oppressive and inhumane. One of the greatest examples of this immoral actions is the slavery that happened in the United States. This tragic historical event provides us with the illustration of what it looks like to take away someone’s basic right to choice. It is also imperative to understand that slavery, although having physically ended, effects of such still exist.†¦show more content†¦This exploitive process sets up enslaved people to become stuck in the system because they may not even realize that what is happening to them. Education also plays a part of social class, leaving a lasting impa ct on people of color. Even when enslaved people became free they were left with the stigma that was created because of their inability to gain knowledge. This situation was forced upon them by their once masters. Stigmas such as this are something that does not dissolve overnight. Freed slaves would have a hard time finding work and making their way up the system because they did not have the same opportunity to an education that their white counterparts did. On a more physical level, Douglass describes in his narratives his experience of going to another plantation which was meant to make trouble slaves more submissive to their masters. This was accomplished by forcing the slaves to work in all circumstances till the stop. Douglass then goes on to say this type of work would turn a human into a brute giving the implication that he saw this as one of the ways that enslaved people were dehumanized. Douglass saw this as dehumanization because of the harsh treatment of slaves and the disregard for their wellbeing. They were treated even worse than property because even then people had respect for their property and would not overuse it or neglect their property. This type of treatment was meantShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics of Ambiguity Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesAmbiguity can be defined as a lack of precise meaning or interpretation, so how can we describe human existence as â€Å"ambiguous†? Surely, there must be some essence, or characteristic thing, that we can use to solidify the meaning of our existence. However, it becomes difficult to pin down exactly what every human existence has in common. 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Simone de Beauvoir- An important existentialist who spent much of her life alongside Sartre, wrote about feminism, and existential ethics in her works. These included The Second Sex and The Ethics of Ambiguity. She shows how, at each stage of her upbringingRead MoreIs One Action Better Or Worse Than Another?1555 Words   |  7 Pagesand good guidance. Now, if that is just one example of two different people who have two different definitions of what a good action might be, then one can only imagine how many different definitions are out there. In the book â€Å"The Ethics of Ambiguity† by Simone de Beauvoir there are many situations and examples about how there can be conflict when people have different definitions of what a good action might be. Actions can be good or bad. Its how you perceive the situation in that moment. Under theRead MoreExistentialism : Simone De Beauvoir And Angst994 Words   |  4 PagesJack Curry Mrs. Firmender Great Books Honors 22 September 2015 Simone de Beauvoir and Angst Existentialism is somewhat of an open topic. For some, it is a way of life, and everything they do goes along by the rules of existentialism. Other people know what it is, yet don’t follow by it. And then there are the people who have no idea what it is. Nevertheless, existentialism is by definition â€Å"a philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsibleRead MoreWhat It Means to Have Freedom860 Words   |  3 Pagesstill fighting to keep and extend our freedom. In the center Simone de Beauvoir’s understanding of freedom is the understanding that people cannot achieve an authentic existence if they do not help others achieve and understand freedom. For her a person lives in a word full of other people and he or she cannot live his or her life if he/she does not respect the freedom of others. For De Beauvoir freedom is an ambiguity. The ambiguity is the fact that people make their own choices and they them selfRead MoreSimone Ernestine Lucie Marie Bertrand De Beauvoir1784 Words   |  8 PagesSimone Ernestine Lucie Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir was born January 9, 1908 in Paris, France. She died of a pulmonary edema on April 14, 1986. The seventy-eight years between her birth and death were filled with rigorous academia, philosophical exploration, rich literary production and fascinating polyamorous intimate relationships. Although astutely aware of the philosophical ponderings of God’s existence, de Beauvoir struggled with religious ideas until the age of fourteen, despite her mother Franà §oiseRead MoreSpongebob Squarepants : Character Analysis1468 Words   |  6 Pageshis neighbors’ past influence their future, which signifies the becoming. In the Ethics of Ambiguity, De Beauvoir writes, â€Å"†¦painting itself is this movement toward its own reality† (De Beauvoir 414). When an artist creates a painting, it represents the becoming; every different moment the art itself is something different until the artist finishes. However, the completed painting does not mean it is fixed. De Beauvoir continues, â€Å"it has to found itself, though it is prohibited from ever fulfillingRead More Is The Second Sex Beauvoirs Application of Sartrean Existentialism?3713 Words   |  15 PagesIs The Second Sex Beauvoirs Application of Sartrean Existentialism? ABSTRACT: Simone de Beauvoirs 1949 feminist masterpiece, The Second Sex, has traditionally been read as an application of Sartrean existentialism to the problem of women. Critics have claimed a Sartrean origin for Beauvoirs central theses: that under patriarchy woman is the Other, and that one is not born a woman, but becomes one. An analysis of Beauvoirs recently discovered 1927 diary, written while she was a philosophy

Organizational Behavior and Personnel Psychology

Questions: 1. Describe briefly what is happening in the organisation, the context, the Organisational Behaviour strategies adopted and the consequences of those Organisational Behaviour strategies for the organisation's success and stakeholders 2. Analyse the organisational behaviour factors that contributed to the organisations success. These may be individual, group or organisational factors. Your analysis should include the relevant analytical/theriacal frameworks for each factor. Answers: Introduction The concepts of OB like Leadership, motivation, organisation structure, group dynamics, and organisational culture are relevant for all the organisations. This report explains the different organizational Behavior variables in context of Marriott Hotels Resorts, which includes dependent and independent variables. It briefly discusses about Organizational behavior strategies of organization. It also discusses various OB theoretical models and concepts such as Leadership theory and Motivational theory. 1. Organizational Behavior Variables and its issues It can be defined as the study in, which the people interact within the organization or within the group. It can also be applied so that the organizations may create its business efficiently. The organizational behavior variables consist of two types of variables that are dependent variable and independent variable. Independent variables can be called as the variables, which are directly related to the organization's success (Robbins, and Judge, 2012). It is divided into three categories that are individual, group, and the system level of the organization, which is directly related to the dependent variables. The organization Marriot Hotel Resorts Company has various problems of the specific individuals that are affecting the companies. There are various independent variables of Organization Behavior that is adopted by the organization Marriot Hotel Resorts such as Motivation and perception. The independent variable motivation helps the organization to encourage the employees and it also helps in the success of the organization. This practice is adopted in every organization so as to ensure the satisfaction of the employees (Miner, 2015). It is considered as an important organizational variable in order to gain productivity of the organization. There are various resources used by Marriott organization in order to motivate the employees. It includes a reward system for the employees according to their performance. The Organizational Behavior is interrelated with the broader issues. Moreover, when there is a lack of motivation in the organization then, it becomes a broader issue for the employees. It becomes an issue as it affects the productivity of the employees and affects the overall success of the organization (Moore, et al., 2013). When the employees are not being motivated with the employers it may affect their performance. The other variable includes the perception of the employee towards the organization and it is related to the attitude of the people. In all the organizations there is a negative thinking among all the employees that they are facing injustice in the Company. It is a broader issue in the organization. In Marriott, the employees have a perception that they are facing from injustice as they are not getting the equal salary as the other employees. There are various dependent variables in the organization such as absenteeism that is a failure to report to the work and it cr eates an issue for the employees. Productivity is the other dependent variable in Marriott. It includes the effectiveness and efficiency of achieving the goals of the organization. The lacking productivity in the organization creates an issue as when the employees do not work properly. Organization Happening Context of Marriot Hotels Resorts Marriot was established in 1927 in Australia. Its headquarters is in Bethesda, Maryland, USA. It is being known for its culture in, which the hotel has a first focus on the customers. Since the year 1927 Marriot is being a leader of the hospitality industry. Firstly, it was designed for business travelers. It is a leading performer of Australia because of its brands, business model, and ingrained service. It has explored its business in more than 79 countries. It has been explored outside Australia with 6000 properties in 120 countries (Marriott Hotels Resorts, 2017). Its revenue for the fiscal year 2015 is more than $14 billion. The 15 brands are operated by the Company as well as the franchises hotel. In the year 2011, the company reported over $12 billion. Its vision is to be the worlds leading provider of hospitality services. The vision also includes taking care of the guest and offering best brand portfolio. Its mission is to satisfy the customers by giving them the excellent service. It operates more than 2600 franchises hotels and resorts. There are various brands of Marriott Hotels Resorts such as renaissance hotels resorts, horizons, Fairfield inn (Marriott). Organizational Behavior Strategies of Marriott Hotels Resorts and the Consequences of the Strategies on Stakeholders There are various stakeholders of the organization Marriott Hotels Resorts such as associates, shareholders, customers, supply chain, owners and franchisees, nongovernmental organizations and government. The various stakeholders have various interests that are the associates are there to create various programs. It includes cultural appreciation day, Marriott Jobs Careers and other related activities. The communities are engaged in the community programs, raising funds, volunteering, and donations. The shareholders are involved in the community programs, conference calls, and meetings of the shareholders. The supply chain includes local supplier and workshops. The franchises and owners interests are in the sustainable economic and hotel development (Hitt, et al., 2011). The non-governmental organizations and government interest are on the global issues and working groups. The main areas of the collaboration of the stakeholders are to improve the health with complementing the people with taking care. The Marriott Hotel is associated with its Core Values. It also collaborates with the industry to identify the human trafficking. The organization Marriott Hotel Resorts adopt the strategy of cooperation between employers and the employees. It is mandatory for all the organizations to adopt this strategy and it is important for the stakeholders as it will help in achieving the goal towards the organization. The organization staff is the stakeholders. Marriott Hotel Resorts also adopts the strategy of encouraging the employees in the organization and work is done in the team. It also provides training for the employees so as to develop their skills. There are various examples, which are adopted in the organizations such as positive reinforcement, applying theories such as leadership theory. 2. Analization of Organizational Factors The organizational factors include three types that are Individual, Group and Organization Systems. These are the independent variables for the Organizational Behavior Model. The individual-level variables include motivation, Power, and Attitude. Group-level variables include leadership, Diversity, Groups, Teams and Conflict. Organization Systems- level variables include culture, structure, design, and change. Individual level Motivation theory that is Maslows Hierarchy of Needs as shown in the diagram below: This theory was established to show that what needs should be satisfied with the people so that they can focus on work. This includes five steps such as Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, Esteem, and Self-Actualization. The physiological includes food and water, breathing that is mandatory for the people (Dusterhoff, et al., 2014). Safety includes security of the people, resources, family, and health. Love and Belonging include friendship and family. Esteem includes self-esteem, confidence, and respect. Self-actualization includes creativity and solving of the problem. Source: (Lester, 2013) Group- level variable Transactional leadership Theory: This theory was introduced by Max Weber in 1947 for all organization such as Marriott Hotel Resorts. It includes directing and motivating the followers in order to achieve the organizational goal. The leader also encourages the followers with the system of rewards according to the performance. There are various assumptions of the transactional theory, which are to be followed in the organization. It includes obeying the orders of the leader and the subordinated are to be motivated so that they can perform well in the organization. This theory is followed in the organization so that the employees can focus on the work and achieve the organizational goals. Cultural diversity theory in the Organization system. This theory is adopted in the organization to manage the employees and serving the customers. In the organization, there are various people with different culture, beliefs, and background. It is mandatory for the organization to adopt diversity challenges. The manager should learn managerial skills, which are helpful in the multi-cultural environment (Sue, and Sue, 2012). It includes three types of dimensions such as Primary dimensions, Secondary dimensions, and Tertiary dimensions. Primary dimensions include race, ethnicity, gender, age and disability. Secondary dimensions include culture, thinking style, work experience, language. Tertiary includes beliefs, assumptions, feelings and attitudes. Source: (Clegg, et al., 2015) Organizational Behavior Models It consists of four types of models that are explained below: Autocratic Model: In this model, the employees are oriented towards obedience and discipline. The employees are dependent on their boss. There are major drawbacks of this model that is the employees get frustrated, insecurity, and less performance because of the minimum wage. Custodian Model: In this model, the employees focus on the benefits and security. The firms, which are having high resources, adapt this model. They are dependent on economic resources. Supportive Model: in this model employees focuses on their performance in the job and their participation. It is dependent on leadership strive and it gives the environment in the organization to help employees in accomplishing interest in the job. Collegial Model: In this model, the teamwork approach is adopted to the organization. The employees maintain self-discipline in the workplace. It also upholds the standard quality and better image of the organization. Conclusion It is to be concluded from the above Analisation of the report that the organization has adopted OB strategies such as cooperation, which is beneficial. It is to be recommended for Marriott Hotels Resorts that it should adopt innovative ideas so as to expand its organization. References Clegg, S.R., Kornberger, M. and Pitsis, T. (2015) Managing and organizations: An introduction to theory and practice. USA: Sage. Dusterhoff, C., Cunningham, J.B. and MacGregor, J.N. (2014) The effects of performance rating, leadermember exchange, perceived utility, and organizational justice on performance appraisal satisfaction: Applying a moral judgment perspective, Journal of Business Ethics, 119(2), pp.265-273. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D., Sirmon, D.G. and Trahms, C.A. (2011) Strategic entrepreneurship: creating value for individuals, organizations, and society, The Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(2), pp.57-75. Lester, D. (2013) Measuring Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Psychological Reports, 113(1), pp.15-17. Marriott Hotels Resorts (2017) Marriott Hotels for Leisure and Business Travel. [Online Available at: https://www.marriott.com/marriott-hotels-resorts/travel.mi (Assessed: 18 January,2017) Miner, J.B. (2015) Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. UK: Routledge. Moore, C., Detert, J.R., Klebe Trevio, Li.n.d.a., Baker, V.L. and Mayer, D.M. (2012) Why employees do bad things: Moral disengagement and unethical organizational behavior, Personnel Psychology, 65(1), pp.1-48. Robbins, S.P. and Judge, T. (2012) Essentials of organizational behavior. USA: Pearson. Sue, D.W. and Sue, D. (2012) Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice. USA: John Wiley Sons.

Neem Oil Essay Example

Neem Oil Essay NEEM (Azadirachta indica) OIL USED IN AN OIL BURNER AS INCENSE MOSQUITO REPELLENT LEADER: OCAMPO, YSABELLA ASST. LEADER: BALASOTO, JANUS MEMBERS: ALLASAS, PATRICIA CASTANARES, JASON MIRANDA, CHRISTIAN NEEM (Azadirachta indica) OIL USED IN AN OIL BURNER AS INCENSE MOSQUITO REPELLENT INTRODUCTION Mosquitoes are well-known pests to the entire human race. Later in the 90s, they discovered that these arthropods are also carriers responsible for transmission of devastating diseases to mankind. They transmit diseases by feeding on blood from vertebrates, including us humans. As years gone by, many studied: the relationship between the mosquitoes and the diseases they carry; the possible ways of eliminating or preventing the spread by these diseases in areas observed to have a large number of victims. Mosquitoes thrive in moist and relatively warm environments just like what Tropical Countries are. Tropical Countries are home to most number of species of mosquitoes. Our country, the Philippines, is among the Tropical Countries. Culex, Aedes, and Anopheles are among the most common species of mosquitoes and they carry a vicious disease namely Dengue, Malaria and Yellow Fever which can kill a human. We will write a custom essay sample on Neem Oil specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Neem Oil specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Neem Oil specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These diseases are common yet deadly diseases to us and the number of victims are still drastically increasing. This leaves some authorities arguing whether mosquitoes are the most dangerous animals to mankind. The average life span of the female mosquito is three to 100 days; the male mosquito will survive 10 to 20 days, but we are not waiting that long for the mosquitoes to die for us to be safe. Neem oil is a natural substance extracted from the seeds of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica), an evergreen native to India. Long used in certain systems of traditional medicine (such as  ayurveda), neem oil is thought to offer a number of benefits when applied to the skin and/or hair. Neem oil contains several fatty acids thought to be beneficial to the skin, such as oleic acid and linoleic acid. Some proponents also suggest that neem oil can act as a  natural insect repellent. Known as azadirachtins, certain compounds found in neem oil are thought to possess insecticidal properties. (Wong, 2012) In 1994 the the Malaria Research  Center  of Delhi, India tested whether kerosene lamps with 1% Neem oil can protect people from mosquito bites. For that test they burned the lamps in living rooms, and from 6 pm to 6 am caught the mosquitoes sitting on the walls and those attracted to human bait (i. e. volunteers). Neem oil clearly reduced the number of bites on the volunteers and also the number of mosquitoes caught. The protection was greater against anopheles species (the ones that transmit malaria) than against culex. A 1995 study at a field station at the Malaria Research Centre in Ranipur, Hardwar, India tested a mix of 2% neem oil mixed in coconut oil. They showed that applying that mixture to the skin provided significant protection from various mosquitoes. It worked best against anophelines, offering 96-100% protection. The malaria transmitting anopheles mosquitoes fall into this group. The numbers for other species were 85% for aedes (carries dengue fever), 61-94% for Culex spp. (can carry West Nile virus) and 35% for Armigeres. In 1996 the Malaria Research  Center  of Delhi, India did another field trial with kerosene lamps in an Indian village. Kerosene lamps with 1% Neem oil were kept burning from dusk to dawn in living rooms. They found that the lamps kept the mosquitoes out of the living rooms and that the malaria incidents of the population dropped dramatically (from about ten cases per thousand people to only one per thousand). Once the lamps were removed, the mosquitoes returned and so did the malaria. As for the safety of this method another 1996 study by the Malaria Research Centre in Delhi, India tested the effects of kerosene lamps with 1% neem oil. Clinical examination of 156 adults and 110 children did not reveal any major adverse effects after one year of exposure to 1% neem oil. This shows that depending upon  what species of mosquito you are dealing with, effectiveness of use varies. For malaria protection Neem oil is fantastic. If you combine the 96-100% protection rate of the home made mosquito repellent with burning Neem oil when sitting outside and wearing sensible clothing you are well protected indeed. A. Statement of the Problem. The number of victims of Malaria, Yellow Fever, and specially Dengue is drastically increasing as PIA or Philippine Information Agency has confirmed. B. Objective of the Study. This study aims to know if the neem oil used as incense added with herbs and other aromatic flowers will be an effective mosquito repellent. The main objective of this study is to know if our Neem Oil Incense along with other herbs will be enough to repel the mosquitoes from our skins and prevent them from biting us and for how long will it be able to repel the mosquitoes. C. Significance of the Study. This study is significant in solving problems relating the diseases brought by mosquitoes. The incense will repel the mosquitoes that carry diseases from the citizens living in areas with a large mosquito population. We will observe if the number of victims in a specific community will decrease once the incense is implied and used. Since our research is aiming if our Neem Oil Incense will be enough to prevent the mosquitoes from biting us, this shall help our community lessen victims of the notorious mosquitoes. METHODOLOGY A. The primary materials needed for this experiment are oil burner and neem oil. Sampaguita and lemon grass will be added to the neem oil to ensure an aromatic scent. The sampaguita and lemon grass does not necessarily affect the properties of neem in repelling the mosquitoes. B. Neem oil  is a  vegetable oil  pressed from the fruits and seeds of the neem (Azadirachta indica), an  evergreen  tree which is  endemic  to the  Indian subcontinent  and has been introduced to many other areas in the tropics. You can buy neem oil in Research Agencies like the International Rice Research Institute located in UPLB, Phil. The sampaguita’s and lemon grass’s juices will be pressed with 1 ml of water until their juices are extracted. The juices of sampaguita and lemon grass will be added to the mixture. This will improve the scent of the neem mixture. The mixture will be placed in the oil burner. We will light the burners for 6-10 hours. There will be 3 cages each having two hours of difference. Cage A’s burner will be lit for 6 hours. Cage B’s burner will be lit for 8 hours. Lastly, Cage C’s burner will be lit for 10 hours. We will observe if the number of hours the burner will be lit has a great effect in the â€Å"repellance† of the neem oil. Since we are aiming on how to repel mosquitoes, we should know first how to attract them in order to know how effective our research will be. We will lure mosquitoes by putting on sweet-smelling lotions or creams. Invest in floral-smelling perfumes. To mosquitoes, these products are sweet-smelling like blood. These fragrances cause the mosquitoes to associate their floral scent for a possible blood supply. And then, as said earlier, we will test each cage with different number of hours. REFERENCES: Ways on how to attract a mosquito. Retrieved from: (http://www. ehow. com/how_8264153_attract-mosquito. html) Reviews of Related Literature. Retrieved from: (http://www. terawet. com/Mosquito_Control_by_Neem. html) Diagram of Comparison. Retrieved from: (http://www. doh. gov. ph/sites/default/files/2012Den28WMR. pdf) Information about Aedes. Retrieved from: (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aedes) Information about Anopheles. Retrieved from: (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Anopheles) Information about Culex. Retrieved from: (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Culex)

Words That Include Dur

Words That Include Dur Words That Include Dur Words That Include Dur By Mark Nichol If a word begins with or includes the element dur, it’s likely to be part of the word family derived from the Latin verb durare, meaning â€Å"harden† or â€Å"last.† This post defines the members of this family. Durable means â€Å"able to last a long time† (the noun forms are durability and, rarely, durableness), and a little-known intensifier of that word, perdurable, employs the â€Å"throughout† sense of the prefix per- to mean â€Å"everlasting† or â€Å"very durable.† To endure is to accept or tolerate, though the word may refer to suffering a condition or experience, and it also pertains to continuation of a state or to putting up with the continuation. Something that can be endured is endurable, and the noun form is endurance, which means â€Å"an act or instance of enduring† and sometimes refers to any of several types of competitive events involving long distances and/or arduous conditions the participants must endure. (The mostly obsolete word durance is still used occasionally in legal contexts to refer to physical restraint or confinement.) Enduro is an off-road motorcycle sport. During means â€Å"at a point in the course of† or â€Å"throughout,† so the context of a sentence in which during is employed must clarify whether something done during a visit, for example, was done at some time while the visit occurred or all through the visit. Duration, meanwhile, is a noun referring to a length or span of time. The adjective obdurate is a synonym for â€Å"stubborn,† while the less common word indurate refers to figurative or literal hardening and serves also as a verb meaning â€Å"establish† or â€Å"inure,† or â€Å"make hard† or â€Å"make stubborn.† (Obdurate, however, does not have a verb form; the verb indurate does double duty.) Interestingly, the medieval poet Dante’s full name is Durante degli Alighieri; his birth name comes from durare and survived into modern Italian as a surname used, among others, by twentieth-century entertainer Jimmy Durante. Today is the last day to join our Freelance Writing Course. Dont miss out! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?50 Idioms About Meat and Dairy ProductsFew vs. Several

The Primary Framework for Literacy and Mathematics Essay

The Primary Framework for Literacy and Mathematics - Essay Example These variations are built upon evaluation and research carried out since the late 1990s. The changes include: 1. Extending it to the beginning of funded education, to create greater coherence and continuity within and between stages of care and education 2. Creating a clearer set of learning objectives to support teachers and practitioners in planning for progression in literacy and mathematics, to help raise the attainment of all children, personalise learning and secure intervention for those children who need it 3. Bringing an increased sense of drive and momentum to literacy and mathematics through the primary phase, involving some scaling up of expectations and a greater focus upon planning for progression through a teaching sequence over an extended unit of work covering two or three weeks 4. Supporting schools and settings in implementing the recommendations of the Rose report through the provision of high-quality teaching of phonics and early reading 5. Supporting improved l eadership and management of literacy and mathematics to stimulate and improve standards further 6. Reducing workload and foster professional dialogue on how to use the Framework flexibly to meet the needs of the children. 7. Introducing a new, electronic format which allows for customised planning, teaching and assessment, with the ability to link quickly to a wide range of teaching and learning resources available through the Primary National Strategy. (DfES, 2006) The Primary Framework for literacy and mathematics differs from the 1998 Framework in that it involves an electronic version with simplified learning objectives. The electronic Framework provides a resource that will be added to and expanded, as well as providing additional materials and support and as the Framework project develops. This may include any necessary revisions to the Early Years elements, and the simplified learning objectives that give a broader overview of the literacy curriculum in the primary phase. The learning objectives of the framework are aligned to 12 strands that demonstrate progression in each of the strands. The 12 strands also create a direct link to the Early Learning Goals and aspects of English inside the National Curriculum. If the learning objectives are covered, this will enable the pupils to reach the desired Communication, Language and Literacy goals, and ensure that the appropriate National Curriculum levels are accomplished for the Key Stages. The strands of this framework include Speak and listening for a wide range of purposes in different contexts, Reading and writing for a range of purposes on paper and on screen Word recognition, Understanding and interpreting texts, creating and shaping texts, organisation and structuring of text, Engaging and responding to text, Sentence structure and punctuation, Word Structure, spelling and Presentation. (DfES, 2006) This framework also involves the Literacy Hour within which Pupils have daily literacy lessons where th ey are taught the knowledge, skills and understanding set out in the National Curriculum for English. The guidance in the renewed Framework still places emphasis on properly directed, carefully planned, purposeful learning and teaching. Initially, the context of the literacy framework required adequate attention to be given to how the lessons are organised and structured. The real challenge

Krafts Marketing and Sales Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Krafts Marketing and Sales Strategy - Assignment Example Kraft’s respond to the macro-environment of China is through research of the different demography of Chinese consumers, their capacity to purchase, and their eating patterns.   This led Kraft to reinvent the traditional Oreo cookies to Chinese style cookies; from cookie form to wafer and lesser sweet, the packaging and the content of the package (wherein the original content is 14 Oreos which costs 72 cents reduced to fewer pieces of Oreos and costs only 29 cents), and the Chinese style Oreo can withstand the extreme climate of both Northern and Southern region of China.   In the micro-environment, Kraft responded in dealing with the management team, wherein all the members of the management team were replace by entrepreneurial team of local Chinese managers thus, creating positive output of introducing Oreo to Chinese consumers.   Kraft also outsourced marketing teams, in the form of students to become ambassadors of Oreo wherein, the job of these local students is to c ampaign the Oreo to 300,000 consumers cents reduced to fewer.   These ambassadors also campaigned the Oreo through basketball wherein, introducing the Oreo being dunked in the milk.This type of strategy also helped Kraft to be responsive to global environment’s opportunities.   They also studied the eating habits and preferences of different countries and were able to produce Kraft products according to the preferences of the consumers in different countries.  ... Kraft considered other alternatives to make Chinese consumers patronize Oreo cookies. OREOS AND MILK, CHINESE STYLE 4 Discussion In 1996, Kraft Foods introduced Oreo cookies in China in the form of the original top-selling Oreo cookies of the U.S. However, even a lot of marketing effort has been done, the sales of the Oreo cookies in China remained flat. This statement is supported with my aforementioned discussion in the research. The study is limited to Kraft Food and its marketing strategy in selling Oreo cookies in China. Kraft’s respond to the macro-environment of China is through research of the different demography of Chinese consumers, their capacity to purchase, and their eating patterns. This led Kraft to reinvent the traditional Oreo cookies to Chinese style cookies; from cookie form to wafer and lesser sweet, the packaging and the content of the package (wherein the original content is 14 Oreos which costs 72 cents reduced to fewer pieces of Oreos and costs only 29 cents), and the Chinese style Oreo can withstand the extreme climate of both Northern and Southern region of China. In the micro-environment, Kraft responded in dealing with the management team, wherein all the members of the management team were replace by entrepreneurial team of local Chinese managers thus, creating positive output of introducing Oreo to Chinese consumers. Kraft also outsourced marketing teams, in the form of students to become ambassadors of Oreo wherein, the job of these local students is to campaign the Oreo to 300,000 consumers. These ambassadors also campaigned the Oreo through basketball wherein, introducing the Oreo being dunked in the milk. This type of strategy also helped Kraft to be responsive to global environment’s

General Electric Crotonville ampus Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

General Electric Crotonville ampus - Case Study Example In recent years, GE has embraced organisational management with a program such as the one they are sponsoring firms to come up with efficient and clean energy for America. Q2. GE management innovation where it centralized its decision-making in the 1950’s drew towards a classical management approach and adaptation of the six-sigma approach to management drew a lot on behavioural management theory. In a bid to increase their efficiency and output, GE has adopted a contingency perspective where they approach issues from different angles, they have used techniques such as six sigma to ensure all departments operate at their optimal level; in addition, they have a training facility to train their employees in order to increase their output. Q3. GE has been successful in integrating the management science in its operation due to training of their employees especially in management, the training made sure that the employees were already operating near optimal points therefore it was much easier for them to implement management science approaches such as the six sigma Q4. Developing new leaders is the key to sustainable growth according to GE. Leaders who are passionate about giving their clients the best, who know their products and market well, as well as being innovative. In view of this, general electric has set up a training facility in Crotonville where about 9000 of its employees are trained on leadership annually in order to improve their leadership skills. Q5. GE’s Crotonville Leadership campus General Electric Crotonville campus otherwise known as John F Welch leadership development centre was founded in 1956 as the first corporate school in the world. It is located at the hamlet of Crotonville in New York and hosts about 10,000 employees of General Electric every year, these employees range from entry-level employees to the top management of the firm globally where they learn a lot in leadership (Durett 26). The Crotonville campus offers a wid e range of courses for their clients that include leadership courses for new managers focusing on development, business impact and external focus, customer programs including executive briefing, change management and integration. Other courses are executive courses in leadership, innovation, strategy and manager development and critical skill such as presentation, hiring, team building and project management. In addition to offering the management leadership courses, General Electric Crotonville campus encourages intercultural and interracial interactions between its employees with the courses having more than half of the population coming from outside the United States of America. Other affinity groups of Crotonville campus also offer opportunities that encourage diversity for instance the ‘leading and learning’ summit that is hosted by GE women’s network invites more than 150 women to interact where more than two thirds are customers and suppliers of General El ectric. In order to reach their global leaders and customers in the whole world, General Electric has spread the Crotonville experience to the rest of the world with special global courses in the various parts that include sharing best experiences in Asia. Others include management development in Europe, learning in Abu Dhabi where General Electric has collaborated with Mubadala Development Company, growing teamwork in Asia and on the ground in Africa (Stefanovich 64) The structure at the General Electric